Psychological and Physical Dependences – What They Are

Substance and behavioral addiction are complex issues that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Whether it involves drug addiction, alcohol dependence, or compulsive behaviors, these patterns can lead to severe psychological and physical dependencies.

In an earlier article, we discussed how the two types of addiction can develop, and in this post, we will delve into the psychological and physical dependencies that can come from those addictions.

What is Psychological Dependence?

Psychological dependence refers to the emotional and mental reliance on a substance or behavior to cope with stress, anxiety, or other challenging emotions. The pleasure derived from the substance or behavior creates a powerful reward system in the brain, reinforcing the desire to repeat the experience and eventually becoming dependent on it. If the pattern continues, the sufferer may find it increasingly difficult to control their impulses, which can lead to a downward spiral of addiction.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals related to pleasure and reward in the brain. As we discussed, when substances or behaviors cause dopamine to flood the brain’s reward pathways, the brain adapts to this excess dopamine. This causes the brain to reduce the natural production of the neurotransmitter, leading to the need for more of the substance or behavior to achieve the same pleasurable effect. Cravings for more of this feeling emerge because of psychological dependence. The brain associates the substance or behavior with pleasure, leading to persistent thoughts and intense desires to engage in it, making it challenging for sufferers to resist the temptation and overcome their addiction. 

Unfortunately, many individuals turn to substance abuse or behavioral addictions as a means of escaping from life’s challenges and stresses. This escape only reinforces psychological dependence, further deepening the cycle of addiction.

What is Physical Dependence?

Physical dependence is characterized by the body’s adaptation to the repeated presence of a substance. When someone regularly indulges in a substance, the body becomes accustomed to its effects, leading to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms if the substance is suddenly stopped.

Tolerance occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the substance’s effects over time. As a result, individuals need to increase their consumption to achieve the desired effect. This escalation can be dangerous, as it increases the risk of overdose and further exacerbates physical dependence.

When a person stops using the substance or engaging in addictive behavior, they experience withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe physiological and psychological distress, depending on the substance involved. The fear of experiencing withdrawal can be a significant barrier to recovery, perpetuating the cycle of addiction.

As we wrote about, prolonged substance abuse can lead to long-lasting changes in neural pathways and circuitry. These changes contribute to physical dependence, which makes it incredibly challenging for individuals to break free from the addictive cycle.

Breaking Free is Possible

If you or someone you know is struggling with substance or behavioral abuse, remember that there is hope and help available. Reach out to us at Valley Forge Medical Center today to embark on the journey towards a healthier, happier life.

Contact us today.